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To termites, any breach of their tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites discover a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their heads, apparently to attract different troops for defence and also to recruit additional employees to fix any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which causes them to be alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the distressed area, which can be a means to recruit additional workers.56.

The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae includes a specialised caste of soldiers, also known as nasutes, that possess the ability to exude noxious fluids via a horn-like frontal projection they utilize for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles throughout the course of evolution and must be fed by workers.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the liquids which nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to safeguard their nests.157.

Soldiers of those species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a large gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland becomes quite tacky on contact with the air, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a block that denies entry to any outsider.161.

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Employees use a number of different strategies to take care of their deceased, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate conveys away a corpse from the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which approach is used depends on the nature of this corpse a worker is dealing with (i.e.

A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", seldom kill the eggsand in certain circumstances the employees tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behavior exists between various species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This compound mimicry allows the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes enables the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Some species of ant have been known to capture termites to utilize as a brand new food source after on, rather than killing them. For instance, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who try to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species go in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants like Megaponera analis attack the exterior of mounds and Dorylinae ants attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both occupied and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is due to the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographical range; another would be to protect themselves from floods.174175 Iridomyrmex also inhabits termite mounds but no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside active ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a result, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.

Mounds may also provide shelter and heat to birds, lizards, snakes and scorpions.56.

Termites are known to carry pollen and regularly visit flowers,177 are considered as potential pollinators for a number of flowering plants.178 One blossom in particular, Rhizanthella gardneri, is frequently pollinated by foraging click for source workers, and it is possibly the only Orchidaceae flower in the world to be pollinated by termites.177

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Many plants have grown effective defences against termites. But, seedlings are vulnerable to termite attacks and need additional protection, as their defence mechanisms only grow when they've passed the seedling phase.179 Defence is normally accomplished by secreting antifeedant compounds into the woody cell walls.180 This reduces the ability of termites to efficiently digest the cellulose.

When retained near the infusion, they become disoriented and eventually die.181.

Termite populations can be substantially influenced by environmental changes including those due to human intervention. A Brazilian study investigated the termite assemblages of 3 websites of Caatinga under different levels of anthropogenic disturbance in the semi-arid region of northeastern Brazil were sampled using 65 x 2 m transects.182 A total of 26 species of termites were present in the 3 sites, and 196 encounters were recorded in the transects.